World Central Banks and Monetary Authorities
A concise country-by-country directory with official links and short descriptions
About this directory. Central banks normally issue currency, conduct monetary policy, manage reserves, support payment systems, and promote financial stability. Some territories share a regional central bank, use another country’s currency, or rely on a monetary authority or regulator instead. Those distinctions are identified below.
Accuracy note. Names and institutional roles were standardized and obvious commercial-bank or jurisdictional errors in the source list were corrected. Bulgaria joined the euro area and the Eurosystem on 1 January 2026.
A
Afghanistan: Da Afghanistan Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Albania: Bank of Albania — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Algeria: Bank of Algeria — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
American Samoa: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Angola: National Bank of Angola — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Anguilla: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Antigua and Barbuda: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Argentina: Central Bank of the Argentine Republic — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Armenia: Central Bank of Armenia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Aruba: Central Bank of Aruba — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Australia: Reserve Bank of Australia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Austria: Oesterreichische Nationalbank — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Azerbaijan: Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
B
Bahamas: Central Bank of The Bahamas — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Bahrain: Central Bank of Bahrain — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Bangladesh: Bangladesh Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Barbados: Central Bank of Barbados — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Belarus: National Bank of the Republic of Belarus — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Belgium: National Bank of Belgium — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Belize: Central Bank of Belize — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Benin: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Bermuda: Bermuda Monetary Authority — Bermuda’s integrated financial regulator and currency-issuing authority, responsible for prudential supervision and monetary stability.
Bhutan: Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Bolivia: Central Bank of Bolivia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Botswana: Bank of Botswana — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Brazil: Central Bank of Brazil — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
British Virgin Islands: BVI Financial Services Commission — The territory’s independent financial-services regulator; the British Virgin Islands uses the U.S. dollar and has no central bank.
Brunei Darussalam: Brunei Darussalam Central Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Bulgaria: Bulgarian National Bank — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Burkina Faso: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Burundi: Bank of the Republic of Burundi — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
C
Cabo Verde: Bank of Cabo Verde — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Cambodia: National Bank of Cambodia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Cameroon: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) — The common central bank of the Central African Monetary Union; it issues the Central African CFA franc and manages regional monetary policy.
Canada: Bank of Canada — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Caribbean Netherlands: De Nederlandsche Bank supervisory framework — The Caribbean Netherlands uses the U.S. dollar; De Nederlandsche Bank performs important supervisory and financial-stability functions.
Cayman Islands: Cayman Islands Monetary Authority — The islands’ monetary authority and integrated financial regulator, managing currency issuance, reserves, and prudential supervision.
Central African Republic: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) — The common central bank of the Central African Monetary Union; it issues the Central African CFA franc and manages regional monetary policy.
Chad: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) — The common central bank of the Central African Monetary Union; it issues the Central African CFA franc and manages regional monetary policy.
Chile: Central Bank of Chile — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
China: People’s Bank of China — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Christmas Island: Reserve Bank of Australia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Colombia: Bank of the Republic — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Comoros: Central Bank of the Comoros — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Costa Rica: Central Bank of Costa Rica — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Croatia: Croatian National Bank — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Cuba: Central Bank of Cuba — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Curaçao: Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Cyprus: Central Bank of Cyprus — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Czechia: Czech National Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Côte d’Ivoire: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
D
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Central Bank of the Congo — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Denmark: Danmarks Nationalbank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Djibouti: Central Bank of Djibouti — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Dominica: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Dominican Republic: Central Bank of the Dominican Republic — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
E
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Ecuador: Central Bank of Ecuador — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Egypt: Central Bank of Egypt — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
El Salvador: Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Equatorial Guinea: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) — The common central bank of the Central African Monetary Union; it issues the Central African CFA franc and manages regional monetary policy.
Estonia: Eesti Pank — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Eswatini: Central Bank of Eswatini — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Ethiopia: National Bank of Ethiopia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Euro area: European Central Bank — The euro area’s central bank, responsible for price stability, monetary policy, and oversight of key banking functions.
F
Falkland Islands: Falkland Islands Government Treasury — The government issues the Falkland Islands pound at parity with sterling; there is no separate central bank.
Federated States of Micronesia: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Fiji: Reserve Bank of Fiji — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Finland: Bank of Finland — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
France: Bank of France — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
French Guiana: Institut d’Émission des Départements d’Outre-Mer (IEDOM) — France’s overseas note-issuing institution for euro-using departments and collectivities, supporting currency circulation and economic monitoring.
French Polynesia: Institut d’Émission d’Outre-Mer (IEOM) — France’s overseas monetary institution for Pacific territories, responsible for currency issuance, payments support, and economic monitoring.
G
Gabon: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) — The common central bank of the Central African Monetary Union; it issues the Central African CFA franc and manages regional monetary policy.
Gambia: Central Bank of The Gambia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Georgia: National Bank of Georgia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Germany: Deutsche Bundesbank — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Ghana: Bank of Ghana — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Greece: Bank of Greece — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Greenland: Danmarks Nationalbank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Grenada: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Guadeloupe: Institut d’Émission des Départements d’Outre-Mer (IEDOM) — France’s overseas note-issuing institution for euro-using departments and collectivities, supporting currency circulation and economic monitoring.
Guam: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Guatemala: Bank of Guatemala — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Guinea: Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Guinea-Bissau: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Guyana: Bank of Guyana — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
H
Haiti: Bank of the Republic of Haiti — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Hawaii: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Honduras: Central Bank of Honduras — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Hong Kong SAR: Hong Kong Monetary Authority — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Hungary: Magyar Nemzeti Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
I
Iceland: Central Bank of Iceland — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
India: Reserve Bank of India — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Indonesia: Bank Indonesia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Iran: Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Iraq: Central Bank of Iraq — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Ireland: Central Bank of Ireland — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Israel: Bank of Israel — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Italy: Bank of Italy — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
J
Jamaica: Bank of Jamaica — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Japan: Bank of Japan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Jordan: Central Bank of Jordan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
K
Kazakhstan: National Bank of Kazakhstan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Kenya: Central Bank of Kenya — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Kiribati: No central bank; Australian dollar monetary system — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Kuwait: Central Bank of Kuwait — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Kyrgyzstan: National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
L
Laos: Bank of the Lao PDR — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Latvia: Bank of Latvia — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Lebanon: Banque du Liban — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Lesotho: Central Bank of Lesotho — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Liberia: Central Bank of Liberia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Libya: Central Bank of Libya — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Liechtenstein: Swiss National Bank monetary area; FMA regulator — The jurisdiction uses the currency and monetary framework administered by the named external central bank.
Lithuania: Bank of Lithuania — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Luxembourg: Central Bank of Luxembourg — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
M
Macao SAR: Monetary Authority of Macao — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Madagascar: Central Bank of Madagascar — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Malawi: Reserve Bank of Malawi — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Malaysia: Central Bank of Malaysia (Bank Negara Malaysia) — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Maldives: Maldives Monetary Authority — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Mali: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Malta: Central Bank of Malta — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Marshall Islands: U.S. dollar monetary system; no central bank — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Martinique: Institut d’Émission des Départements d’Outre-Mer (IEDOM) — France’s overseas note-issuing institution for euro-using departments and collectivities, supporting currency circulation and economic monitoring.
Mauritania: Central Bank of Mauritania — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Mauritius: Bank of Mauritius — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Mexico: Bank of Mexico — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Moldova: National Bank of Moldova — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Mongolia: Bank of Mongolia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Montenegro: Central Bank of Montenegro — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Montserrat: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Morocco: Bank Al-Maghrib — The principal public institution supporting the jurisdiction’s monetary, currency, regulatory, or financial-stability framework.
Mozambique: Bank of Mozambique — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Myanmar: Central Bank of Myanmar — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
N
Namibia: Bank of Namibia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Nauru: No central bank; Australian dollar monetary system — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Nepal: Nepal Rastra Bank — The principal public institution supporting the jurisdiction’s monetary, currency, regulatory, or financial-stability framework.
Netherlands: De Nederlandsche Bank — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
New Caledonia: Institut d’Émission d’Outre-Mer (IEOM) — France’s overseas monetary institution for Pacific territories, responsible for currency issuance, payments support, and economic monitoring.
New Zealand: Reserve Bank of New Zealand — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Nicaragua: Central Bank of Nicaragua — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Niger: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Nigeria: Central Bank of Nigeria — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Niue: New Zealand dollar monetary system; no central bank — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Norfolk Island: Reserve Bank of Australia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
North Macedonia: National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Northern Mariana Islands: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Norway: Norges Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
O
Oman: Central Bank of Oman — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
P
Pakistan: State Bank of Pakistan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Palau: U.S. dollar monetary system; no central bank — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Palestine: Palestine Monetary Authority — The banking and monetary authority that supervises financial institutions and payment systems; Palestine has no sovereign national currency.
Panama: No central bank; National Bank of Panama is a state bank — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Papua New Guinea: Bank of Papua New Guinea — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Paraguay: Central Bank of Paraguay — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Peru: Central Reserve Bank of Peru — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Philippines: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Poland: Narodowy Bank Polski — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Portugal: Banco de Portugal — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Puerto Rico: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Q
Qatar: Qatar Central Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
R
Republic of the Congo: Bank of Central African States (BEAC) — The common central bank of the Central African Monetary Union; it issues the Central African CFA franc and manages regional monetary policy.
Romania: National Bank of Romania — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Russia: Bank of Russia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Rwanda: National Bank of Rwanda — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
S
Saint Barthélemy: Institut d’Émission des Départements d’Outre-Mer (IEDOM) — France’s overseas note-issuing institution for euro-using departments and collectivities, supporting currency circulation and economic monitoring.
Saint Kitts and Nevis: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Saint Lucia: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Saint Martin: Institut d’Émission des Départements d’Outre-Mer (IEDOM) — France’s overseas note-issuing institution for euro-using departments and collectivities, supporting currency circulation and economic monitoring.
Saint Pierre and Miquelon: Institut d’Émission des Départements d’Outre-Mer (IEDOM) — France’s overseas note-issuing institution for euro-using departments and collectivities, supporting currency circulation and economic monitoring.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — The monetary authority for the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union, issuing the EC dollar and safeguarding regional monetary and financial stability.
Samoa: Central Bank of Samoa — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
San Marino: Central Bank of the Republic of San Marino — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Saudi Arabia: Saudi Central Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Senegal: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Serbia: National Bank of Serbia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Seychelles: Central Bank of Seychelles — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Sierra Leone: Bank of Sierra Leone — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Singapore: Monetary Authority of Singapore — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Sint Maarten: Central Bank of Curaçao and Sint Maarten — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Slovakia: National Bank of Slovakia — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Slovenia: Bank of Slovenia — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Solomon Islands: Central Bank of Solomon Islands — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Somalia: Central Bank of Somalia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
South Africa: South African Reserve Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands: Bank of England monetary area — The jurisdiction uses the currency and monetary framework administered by the named external central bank.
South Korea: Bank of Korea — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
South Sudan: Bank of South Sudan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Spain: Bank of Spain — A Eurosystem national central bank that helps implement ECB monetary policy, supports payments, manages reserves, and promotes financial stability.
Sri Lanka: Central Bank of Sri Lanka — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Sudan: Central Bank of Sudan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Suriname: Central Bank of Suriname — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Sweden: Sveriges Riksbank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Switzerland: Swiss National Bank — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Syria: Central Bank of Syria — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
São Tomé and Príncipe: Central Bank of São Tomé and Príncipe — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
T
Taiwan: Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Tajikistan: National Bank of Tajikistan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Tanzania: Bank of Tanzania — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Thailand: Bank of Thailand — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Timor-Leste: Central Bank of Timor-Leste — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Togo: Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) — The common central bank of the West African Economic and Monetary Union; it issues the CFA franc and conducts regional monetary policy.
Tokelau: New Zealand dollar monetary system; no central bank — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Tonga: National Reserve Bank of Tonga — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Trinidad and Tobago: Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Tunisia: Central Bank of Tunisia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Turkmenistan: Central Bank of Turkmenistan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Turks and Caicos Islands: U.S. dollar monetary system; no central bank — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Tuvalu: No central bank; Australian dollar monetary system — The jurisdiction has no separate central bank and uses the stated external currency and monetary framework.
Türkiye: Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
U
U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Federal Reserve System — The U.S. central banking system supplies the territory’s currency framework and supports payments and financial stability.
Uganda: Bank of Uganda — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Ukraine: National Bank of Ukraine — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
United Arab Emirates: Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
United Kingdom: Bank of England — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
United States: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System — The principal public institution supporting the jurisdiction’s monetary, currency, regulatory, or financial-stability framework.
United States — Atlanta District: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Boston District: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Chicago District: Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Cleveland District: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Dallas District: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Kansas City District: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Minneapolis District: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — New York District: Federal Reserve Bank of New York — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Philadelphia District: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — Richmond District: Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — San Francisco District: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
United States — St. Louis District: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis — One of the 12 regional Reserve Banks that implements Federal Reserve policy, supervises institutions, provides payments, and supports its district.
Uruguay: Central Bank of Uruguay — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Uzbekistan: Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
V
Vanuatu: Reserve Bank of Vanuatu — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Venezuela: Central Bank of Venezuela — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Vietnam: State Bank of Vietnam — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
W
Wallis and Futuna: Institut d’Émission d’Outre-Mer (IEOM) — France’s overseas monetary institution for Pacific territories, responsible for currency issuance, payments support, and economic monitoring.
Y
Yemen: Central Bank of Yemen — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Z
Zambia: Bank of Zambia — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Zimbabwe: Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe — The country’s central monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency and reserves, payment systems, and financial stability.
Editorial Sources and Scope
Primary directory reference: Bank for International Settlements — Central bank and monetary authority websites
Regional references: European Central Bank — national central banks and Eurosystem; Eastern Caribbean Central Bank — member countries
Descriptions are concise editorial summaries rather than legal definitions. Institutional mandates can change; readers should consult the linked official institution for the latest statutory and operational information.